Simba, sehwaro hwezvinhu zvekufambira mberi kwehupenyu hwevanhu, ragara richiita basa rinokosha.Ivimbiso inokosha yekusimudzira nzanga yevanhu.Pamwe chete nemvura, mhepo, uye chikafu, inoumba mamiriro anodiwa ekurarama kwevanhu uye inobata zvakananga hupenyu hwevanhu..

Kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yesimba kwakava neshanduko huru mbiri kubva ku“nguva” yehuni kuenda ku“nguva” yemarasha, uye ipapo kubva ku“nguva” yemarasha kuenda ku“nguva” yamafuta.Iye zvino yakatanga kushanduka kubva ku "nguva" yemafuta kusvika ku "nguva" yekuchinja kwesimba renewable.

Kubva pamarasha senzvimbo huru mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 19 kusvika kuoiri senzvimbo huru pakati pezana ramakore rechi20, vanhu vakashandisa simba rezvisaririra pamwero mukuru kwemakore anopfuura 200.Zvakadaro, chimiro chesimba repasi rose chinodzorwa nefossil simba rinoita kuti risave kure nekuderera kwefossil simba.

Iwo matatu echinyakare echinyakare simba ehupfumi anotakura anomiririrwa nemarasha, oiri uye gasi rechisikigo achapedzwa nekukurumidza muzana ramakore idzva, uye mukuita kwekushandiswa nekupisa, zvichakonzerawo greenhouse effect, kuburitsa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinosvibisa, uye kusvibisa. zvakatipoteredza.

Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kudzikisira kutsamira pasimba refossil, kushandura chimiro chesimba rekushandisa zvisina musoro, uye kutsvaga yakachena uye isina kusvibiswa-isina simba idzva rinodzokororwa.

Parizvino, simba rinodzokororwa rinonyanya kusanganisira simba remhepo, hydrogen simba, solar simba, biomass simba, tidal simba uye geothermal simba, nezvimwewo, uye simba remhepo uye solar simba ndiyo yazvino yekutsvagisa hotspots pasi rese.

Nekudaro, zvichiri kunetsa kuwana kutendeuka kwakasimba uye kuchengetedza kwakasiyana-siyana renewable simba masosi, nokudaro kuita kuti zviome kuzvishandisa nemazvo.

Muchiitiko ichi, kuti uone kushandiswa kunobudirira kwesimba idzva rinogoneka nevanhu, zvinofanirwa kuvandudza tekinoroji nyowani yekuchengetedza simba, inovawo nzvimbo inopisa mukutsvagisa magariro azvino.

Parizvino, mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, seimwe yemabhatiri echipiri anonyanya kushanda, akashandiswa zvakanyanya mumagetsi akasiyana-siyana, kutakura, aerospace uye mamwe minda., tarisiro dzebudiriro dzakaoma zvikuru.

Iyo yemuviri uye yemakemikari zvimiro zve sodium uye lithium zvakafanana, uye ine simba rekuchengetedza simba.Nekuda kwehupfumi hwayo, kugovera kwakafanana kwesodium sosi, uye mutengo wakaderera, inoshandiswa muhukuru-hukuru hwekuchengetedza simba tekinoroji, iyo ine hunhu hwemutengo wakaderera uye kushanda kwakanyanya.

Izvo zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka electrode zvinhu zvesodium ion mabhatiri zvinosanganisira akaturikidzana ekuchinja simbi komisheni, polyanions, shanduko simbi phosphates, core-shell nanoparticles, simbi komisheni, yakaoma kabhoni, nezvimwe.

Sechinhu chine matura akawandisa muzvisikwa, kabhoni yakachipa uye iri nyore kuwana, uye yakawana kuzivikanwa kwakawanda seanode zvinhu zvesodium-ion mabhatiri.

Zvinoenderana nedhigirii regraphitization, kabhoni zvinhu zvinogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: graphic kabhoni uye amorphous kabhoni.

Kabhoni yakaoma, inova yeamorphous kabhoni, inoratidzira sodiamu yekuchengetera chaiyo ye300mAh/g, nepo kabhoni zvinhu zvine dhigirii repamusoro regraphitization zvakaoma kusangana nekushandiswa kwekutengeserana nekuda kwenzvimbo yavo yakakura uye kurongeka kwakasimba.

Naizvozvo, isiri-graphite yakaoma kabhoni zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa mukutsvaga kunoshanda.

Kuti uenderere mberi nekuvandudza mashandiro eanode mabhatiri e-sodium-ion mabhatiri, iyo hydrophilicity uye conductivity yekabhoni zvinhu zvinogona kuvandudzwa nenzira yeion doping kana kusanganisa, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera simba rekuchengetedza simba rekabhoni zvinhu.

Seyakashata electrode zvinhu zvesodium ion bhatiri, masimbi esimbi anonyanya kuita maviri-dimensional simbi carbides uye nitrides.Pamusoro pehunhu hwakanakisa hwemaviri-dimensional zvinhu, haangogone kuchengetedza sodium ion ne adsorption uye intercalation, asi zvakare kusanganisa nesodium Iko kusanganiswa kweion kunogadzira capacitance kuburikidza nemakemikari maitikiro ekuchengetedza simba, nekudaro achivandudza zvakanyanya simba rekuchengetedza simba.

Nekuda kwekudhura kwakanyanya uye kuomerwa kwekuwana masimbi esimbi, kabhoni ichiri chinhu chikuru anode zvinhu zvesodium-ion mabhatiri.

Kusimuka kweakaturikidzana ekuchinja simbi komisheni ndeye mushure mekuwanikwa kwegraphene.Parizvino, maviri-dimensional zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumabhatiri e-sodium-ion kunyanya zvinosanganisira sodium-based layered NaxMO4, NaxCoO4, NaxMnO4, NaxVO4, NaxFeO4, nezvimwe.

Polyanionic positive electrode zvinhu zvakatanga kushandiswa mu lithium-ion battery positive electrodes, uye yakazoshandiswa mumabhatiri e-sodium-ion.Zvinhu zvakakosha zvinomiririra zvinosanganisira makristasi eolivine akadai seNaMnPO4 uye NaFePO4.

Transition metal phosphate yakatanga kushandiswa seyakanaka electrode zvinhu mumabhatiri e lithium-ion.Iyo synthesis process yakakura uye kune akawanda makristasi zvimiro.

Phosphate, sematatu-dimensional dhizaini, inovaka dhizaini dhizaini inoita kuti deintercalation uye intercalation ye sodium ion, uyezve inowana sodium-ion mabhatiri ane yakanakisa kuchengetedza simba kuita.

Iyo yepakati-shell yekumisikidza zvinhu imhando nyowani yeanode zvinhu zve sodium-ion mabhatiri ayo achangobuda mumakore achangopfuura.Zvichienderana nemidziyo yepakutanga, chinyorwa ichi chakawana chivakwa chisina kujeka kuburikidza neyakajeka dhizaini yekugadzira.

Iwo akajairika core-shell maumbirwo emidziyo anosanganisira hollow cobalt selenide nanocubes, Fe-N co-doped core-shell sodium vanadate nanospheres, porous carbon hollow tin oxide nanospheres uye mamwe makomba zvimiro.

Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwakanakisa, hwakasanganiswa nemashiripiti hollow uye porous dhizaini, yakawanda electrochemical chiitiko inoratidzwa kune electrolyte, uye panguva imwecheteyo, inosimudzirawo zvakanyanya kufamba kweion kweiyo electrolyte kuti iwane inoshanda kuchengetedza simba.

Simba repasi rose rinowanikwazve rinoramba richikwira, richikurudzira kuvandudzwa kwesimba rekuchengetedza teknolojia.

Parizvino, maererano nenzira dzakasiyana dzekuchengetedza simba, inogona kukamurwa kuita simba rekuchengetedza simba uye electrochemical simba rekuchengetedza.

Electrochemical energy storage inosangana nemaitiro ekusimudzira emazuva ano matsva ekuchengetedza simba tekinoroji nekuda kwemabhenefiti ayo ekuchengetedza kwakanyanya, mutengo wakaderera, kushandiswa kunoshanduka, uye kugona kwakanyanya.

Zvinoenderana neakasiyana emagetsi ekuita maitiro, emagetsi emagetsi ekuchengetedza magetsi masosi anonyanya kusanganisira supercapacitors, lead-acid mabhatiri, mafuta emagetsi mabhatiri, nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri, sodium-sarufa mabhatiri, uye lithium-ion mabhatiri.

Mutekinoroji yekuchengetedza simba, zvinhu zvinochinjika zvemagetsi zvakakwezva kufarira kwevasayendisiti vazhinji nekuda kwekusiyana kwavo kwekugadzira, kuchinjika, mutengo wakaderera, uye maitiro ekuchengetedza nharaunda.

Carbon zvinhu zvine akakosha thermochemical kugadzikana, yakanaka magetsi conductivity, simba rakakura, uye zvisingawanzo mashandiro emuchina, zvichiita kuti iwo anovimbisa maelectrodes emabhatiri e lithium-ion uye sodium-ion mabhatiri.

Supercapacitors inogona kubhadhariswa nekukurumidza uye kuburitswa pasi pemamiriro epamusoro azvino, uye kuve nehupenyu hwekutenderera hunodarika 100,000 nguva.Iwo rudzi rutsva rweakakosha emagetsi ekuchengetedza simba rekuchengetedza magetsi pakati pe capacitor nemabhatiri.

MaSupercapacitor ane hunhu hwekusimba kwesimba repamusoro uye chiyero chekushandura simba, asi simba rawo rakaderera, anowanzo kuburitsa ega, uye anowanzo kudonha kwe electrolyte kana akashandiswa zvisina kunaka.

Kunyangwe iyo mafuta emagetsi sero ine hunhu hwekusachaja, hukuru hukuru, hukuru hwakanyanya uye huwandu hwakasiyana hwesimba, kupisa kwayo kwekushanda, mutengo wepamusoro, uye kuderera kwesimba rekushandura kuita kuti iwanikwe chete mukuita kwekutengesa.inoshandiswa mune mamwe mapoka.

Lead-asidhi mabhatiri ane zvakanakira mutengo wakaderera, tekinoroji yakakura, uye kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya, uye akashandiswa zvakanyanya mumasaini base zviteshi, mabhasikoro emagetsi, mota, uye grid simba rekuchengetedza.Mapfupi mabhodhi akadai sekusvibisa nharaunda haagone kusangana nekuwedzera kwepamusoro zvinodiwa uye zviyero zvemabhatiri ekuchengetedza simba.

Mabhatiri eNi-MH ane hunhu hwakasimba hwekuita zvakasiyana-siyana, low low calorific value, hombe monomer capacity, uye yakagadzikana yekubuda hunhu, asi huremu hwavo hwakakura, uye kune matambudziko mazhinji mubhatiri nhevedzano manejimendi, izvo zvinogona kutungamira nyore kunyungudika kweimwe chete. bhatiri separators.