Mabhatiri e lithium ion anogona kushajwazve anoshandiswa kupa simba kumagetsi akawanda muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva, kubva kumalaptop nemafoni kusvika kumotokari dzemagetsi. Mabhatiri e lithium ion ari pamusika nhasi anowanzo shandiswa nemushonga wemvura, unonzi electrolyte, uri pakati pesero.

Kana bhatiri richiisa simba muchina, maion e lithium anofamba kubva kumagumo ane negative charge, kana kuti anode, kuburikidza ne liquid electrolyte, kuenda kumagumo ane positive charge, kana cathode. Kana bhatiri richichajwa, maion anoyerera nerumwe rutivi kubva ku cathode, kuburikidza ne electrolyte, kuenda ku anode.

Mabhatiri eLithium ion anoshandiswa nemaelectrolyte emvura ane dambudziko guru rekuchengetedza: anogona kubatira moto kana akachajiwa zvakanyanya kana kuti akapfupikiswa. Imwe nzira yakachengeteka pane maelectrolyte emvura ndeyekugadzira bhatiri rinoshandisa electrolyte yakasimba kutakura maion eLithium pakati peanode necathode.

Zvisinei, zvidzidzo zvekare zvakawana kuti electrolyte yakasimba yaikonzera kukura kwesimbi diki, inonzi dendrites, iyo yaizoungana pa anode bhatiri richichaja. Ma dendrites aya anopfupikisa mabhatiri pamagetsi akaderera, zvichiita kuti asashande.

Kukura kwedendrite kunotanga nezvikanganiso zvidiki mu electrolyte pamuganhu uri pakati pe electrolyte ne anode. Masayendisiti muIndia vachangobva kuwana nzira yekunonotsa kukura kwedendrite. Nekuwedzera simbi yakatetepa pakati pe electrolyte ne anode, vanogona kudzivirira kuti dendrites isakure kuita anode.

Masayendisiti akasarudza kudzidza nezve aruminiyamu ne tungsten sesimbi dzinobvira kuti vagadzire simbi iyi yakatetepa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti hapana musanganiswa we aruminiyamu kana tungsten, kana alloy, ne lithium. Masayendisiti aitenda kuti izvi zvaizoderedza mukana wekuti zvikanganiso zviumbwe mu lithium. Kana simbi yakasarudzwa ikaita alloy ne lithium, huwandu hushoma hwe lithium hwaigona kufamba mu simbi nekufamba kwenguva. Izvi zvaizosiya rudzi rwechikanganiso chinonzi void mu lithium uko dendrite yaigona kuumbwa.

Kuti kuyedze kushanda kwesimbi, mhando nhatu dzemabhatiri dzakagadzirwa: imwe ine chidimbu chakatetepa chealuminium pakati pe lithium anode ne solid electrolyte, imwe ine chidimbu chakatetepa che tungsten, uye imwe isina chidimbu chesimbi.

Vasati vaedza mabhatiri, masayendisiti akashandisa maikorosikopu ine simba guru, inonzi scanning electron microscope, kuti vanyatsoongorora muganhu uri pakati peanode ne electrolyte. Vakaona mipata midiki nemaburi mumuenzaniso usina simbi, vachiona kuti zvikanganiso izvi zvingangove nzvimbo dzekukura kwe dendrites. Mabhatiri ese ane aluminium ne tungsten layers aitaridzika akatsetseka uye achienderera mberi.

Mukuyedza kwekutanga, magetsi asingachinji akatenderedzwa nebhatiri rega rega kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana. Bhatiri risina simbi rakaita short circuit uye rakakundikana mukati memaawa mapfumbamwe ekutanga, zvichida nekuda kwekukura kwedendrite. Hapana bhatiri rine aruminiyamu kana tungsten rakakundikana mukuyedza kwekutanga uku.

Kuti vaone kuti ndeipi simbi iri nani pakumisa kukura kwedendrite, kumwe kuedza kwakaitwa pasampuli dzealuminium netungsten chete. Mukuedza uku, mabhatiri akatenderedzwa kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwesimba remagetsi, achitanga nemagetsi akashandiswa mukuedza kwakapfuura uye achiwedzera nechikamu chidiki padanho rega rega.

Kuwanda kwemagetsi kwaishandiswa nebhatiri pakufamba kwenguva pfupi kwaifungidzirwa kuti ndiko kwainyanya kukonzera kukura kwedendrite. Bhatiri rine aruminiyamu rakakundikana katatu kupfuura simba rekutanga, uye bhatiri rine tungsten rakakundikana kanopfuura kashanu kupfuura simba rekutanga. Kuedza uku kunoratidza kuti tungsten yakashanda kupfuura aruminiyamu.

Zvakare, masayendisiti akashandisa scanning electron microscope kuti vaongorore muganhu uri pakati peanode ne electrolyte. Vakaona kuti ma voids akatanga kuumbwa musimbi layer pazvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zve critical current densities zvakayerwa mukuyedza kwakapfuura. Zvisinei, ma voids akanga asipo pachikamu chimwe muzvitatu che critical current density. Izvi zvakasimbisa kuti void formation inotungamira kukura kwe dendrite.

Masayendisiti akabva aita maverengero ekuverenga kuti vanzwisise kuti lithium inobatana sei nesimbi idzi, vachishandisa zvatinoziva nezvekuti tungsten nealuminium zvinopindura sei kusimba nekuchinja kwekupisa. Vakaratidza kuti zvidimbu zvealuminium zvine mukana wakakura wekugadzira mavoid kana zvikabatana ne lithium. Kushandisa maverengero aya kwaizoita kuti zvive nyore kusarudza imwe mhando yesimbi yekuedza mune ramangwana.

Chidzidzo ichi chakaratidza kuti mabhatiri e-electrolyte akasimba akavimbika zvikuru kana simbi yakatetepa ikaiswa pakati pe-electrolyte ne-anode. Masayendisiti akaratidzawo kuti kusarudza simbi imwe pane imwe, muchiitiko ichi tungsten pachinzvimbo chearuminiyamu, kunogona kuita kuti mabhatiri agare kwenguva refu. Kuvandudza mashandiro emabhatiri aya kuchavaswededza padanho rimwe pedyo nekutsiva mabhatiri e-electrolyte emvura anobvira moto ari pamusika nhasi.