Chakavanzika chehupenyu hurefu hwemabhatiri anogona kuchajwazve chingave chiri mukusiyana kwakasiyana. Muenzaniso mutsva wekuti masero e-lithium-ion ari mupakeji anoderera sei unoratidza nzira yekugadzirisa kuchajwa zvichienderana nekugona kwesero rega rega kuitira kuti mabhatiri eEV agone kubata machaji akawanda uye kudzivirira kutadza kushanda.

Tsvagiridzo iyi, yakaburitswa musi wa5 Mbudzi muKutengeserana kweIEEE paTekinoroji yeSisitimu dzeKudzora, inoratidza kuti kudzora huwandu hwemagetsi anoyerera musero rega rega mupaketi, pane kuendesa chaji zvakaenzana, kunogona kuderedza kupera. Maitiro aya anobvumira sero rega rega kurarama hupenyu hwaro hwakanakisisa - uye hwakareba -.

Sekureva kwapurofesa weStanford uye munyori mukuru wezvidzidzo Simona Onori, masimulation ekutanga anoratidza kuti mabhatiri anoshandiswa netekinoroji itsva anogona kukwanisa kubhadharisa magetsi ne20%, kunyangwe achichaja nekukurumidza, izvo zvinowedzera kumanikidzwa pabhatiri.

Kuedza kwakawanda kwakaitwa kare kwekuwedzera hupenyu hwemabhatiri emota yemagetsi kwakatarisana nekuvandudza dhizaini, zvinhu, uye kugadzirwa kwemasero ega ega, zvichibva papfungwa yekuti, sezvinobatanidza zviri mucheni, bhatiri rinobatsira chete sero raro risina simba. Chidzidzo chitsva chinotanga nekunzwisisa kuti kunyangwe zvibatanidza zvisina simba zvisingadzivisike - nekuda kwekusakwana kwekugadzira uye nekuti mamwe masero anoora nekukurumidza kupfuura mamwe sezvo achisangana nematambudziko akadai sekupisa - haafanire kudzikisa paki yese. Chinokosha ndechekugadzirisa mwero wekuchaja zvichienderana nekugona kwakasiyana kwesero rega rega kudzivirira kutadza.

"Kana zvikasagadziriswa zvakanaka, kusiyana kwemasero nemasero kunogona kukanganisa hupenyu hurefu, hutano, uye kuchengetedzeka kwebhatiri uye kukonzera kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kwebhatiri," akadaro Onori, uyo ari mubatsiri wepurofesa weinjiniya yesainzi yesimba paStanford Doerr School of Sustainability. "Maitiro edu anoenzanisa simba riri musero rega rega riri mupaketi, zvichiunza masero ese kumamiriro ekupedzisira ekuchaja nenzira yakaringana uye zvichivandudza hupenyu hurefu hwepaketi."

Akafuridzirwa kuvaka bhatiri remamiriyoni emaira

Chikamu chekukurudzira kutsvagurudza kutsva kunodzokera kumashure kuziviso yakaitwa muna 2020 neTesla, kambani yemotokari dzemagetsi, yekushanda pabhatiri re "mamiriyoni emamaira." Iri raizova bhatiri rinokwanisa kupa mota simba kwemakiromita miriyoni imwe kana kupfuura (nekuchaja nguva dzose) risati rasvika padanho rekuti, sebhatiri re lithium-ion riri mufoni yekare kana laptop, bhatiri reEV rinochengeta chaji shoma zvekuti harishande.

Bhatiri rakadaro raizopfuura garandi yemagetsi yakajairika yevagadziri vemotokari yemabhatiri emotokari emagetsi emakore masere kana makiromita zviuru zana. Kunyangwe mapaketi emabhatiri achigara kwenguva refu kupfuura garandi yavo, kuvimba kwevatengi mumotokari dzemagetsi kunogona kusimbiswa kana mabheji anodhura akatsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Bhatiri rinogona kuramba richichaja mushure mekuchaja zviuru rinogonawo kurerutsira nzira yekuisa magetsi mumarori anofamba kwenguva refu, uye kushandiswa kwemasisitimu anonzi mota-ku-grid, umo mabhatiri eEV aizochengeta nekutumira simba rinogona kushandiswazve kune grid yemagetsi.

“Zvakazotsanangurwa gare gare kuti pfungwa yebhatiri remakiromita miriyoni yakanga isiri itsva, asi ingori nzira yekushandisa bhatiri nekusaita kuti rishandise huwandu hwakazara hwekuchaja,” akadaro Onori. Tsvagiridzo yakafanana yakatarisana nemasero e-lithium-ion, ayo kazhinji asingarasikirwe nekukwanisa kuchaja nekukurumidza sezvinoita mapaketi emabhatiri akazara.

Afarira, Onori nevatsvaguri vaviri murabhoritari yake - nyanzvi yezvedzidzo yepamusoro Vahid Azimi uye mudzidzi wePhD Anirudh Allam - vakasarudza kuferefeta kuti manejimendi matsva emhando dzemabhatiri aripo anogona sei kuvandudza mashandiro uye hupenyu hwebasa rebhatiri rakazara, iro rinogona kunge riine mazana kana zviuru zvemasero.

Modhi yebhatiri yakanyatsogadzirwa

Danho rekutanga, vaongorori vakagadzira modhi yekombiyuta yepamusoro-soro yemaitiro ebhatiri iyo yairatidza nemazvo shanduko dzemuviri nemakemikari dzinoitika mukati mebhatiri panguva yekushanda kwayo. Dzimwe dzeshanduko idzi dzinoitika mumasekonzi kana maminetsi - dzimwe dzinoitika kwemwedzi kana kunyange makore.

"Sekuziva kwedu, hapana chidzidzo chekare chakamboshandisa mhando yebhatiri yatakagadzira yakavimbika zvikuru, ine nguva dzakawanda," akadaro Onori, uyo ari director weStanford Energy Control Lab.

Kutevedzera modhi iyi kwakaratidza kuti bhatiri remazuva ano rinogona kugadziriswa nekudzorwa nekugamuchira misiyano iri pakati pemasero aro. Onori nevamwe vake vanofungidzira kuti modhi yavo ichashandiswa kutungamira kugadzirwa kwehurongwa hwekutarisira mabhatiri mumakore anotevera hunogona kushandiswa zviri nyore mumagadzirirwo emota dziripo.

Hadzisi mota dzemagetsi chete dzinobatsira. Chero chishandiso chipi zvacho "chinonetsa bhatiri zvakanyanya" chinogona kuva mukana wakanaka wekutarisira zviri nani zvichienderana nemhedzisiro mitsva, akadaro Onori. Muenzaniso mumwe chete? Ndege dzakaita sedrone dzine magetsi anosimuka nekumhara, dzimwe nguva dzinonzi eVTOL, idzo vamwe vemabhizinesi vanotarisira kushanda sematekisi emhepo uye kupa mamwe mabasa ekufambisa mhepo mumaguta mumakore gumi anotevera. Kunyange zvakadaro, mamwe mashandisirwo emabhatiri e lithium-ion anochajwazve anoda, anosanganisira ndege dzese uye kuchengetwa kwesimba rinodzokororwa pakukura.

"Mabhatiri eLithium-ion atochinja nyika nenzira dzakawanda," akadaro Onori. "Zvakakosha kuti tiwane zvakawanda zvatinogona kubva mutekinoroji iyi inochinja zvinhu uye mamwe anotevera."